Aerosols
Aerosol Optical Depth Data Product (AOD)
Generated hourly from Himawari8/9 Property (daytime only) at 5 Km resolution. Hourly averages are obtained from 10-minute Level 2 Himawari8/9 data product.
PM 2.5
PM2.5 Data Product (PM25, experimental)
Uses CRISP in-house developed PM2.5-AOD model1,2. Model computes PM2.5 using Himawari8 hourly AOD product. Data is binned into 5 representative values of PM2.5 ranging from 25 mic.gr/m^3 to 150 mic.gr/m^3.
Smoke/haze 48-hr Forecast
PM2.5 (smoke/haze) 48 hours forecasts
CRISP PM2.5 (smoke/haze) 48 hours forecast is generated using a customized version of WRF-Chem V. 4.2.
Water Quality (abs_gelbstoff)
Spectral Absorption Coefficient for Colored Dissolved Organic Matter at 440 nm (acdom(440) m-1)
Uses CRISP in-house empirical band ratio model3. Generated monthly from the Sentinel 2A/B Multi Spectral Imager at 10 m resolution with a 30% cloud filter.
Water Quality (abs_phytoplankton)
Spectral Absorption Coefficient for Phytoplankton at 443 nm (aphy(443) m-1)
Uses the Case-2 Regional CoastColour (C2RCC) processor4. Generated monthly from the Sentinel 2A/B Multi Spectral Imager at 10 m resolution with a 30% cloud filter.
Hotspots
Hotspot data is computed after each pass of the S-NPP/NOAA-20/NOAA-21 satellite (at least twice daily). The hotspots are displayed as coloured circles (from yellow - lowest confidence, to red - highest confidence) superimposed on the latest S-NPP/NOAA-20/NOAA-21 VIIRS images.
- 1 Li Tan, Daniel M. Kalbermatter, Santo V. Salinas (2019). "Application of a physical model to the remote sensing of PM2.5 over Singapore." IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Yokohama, Japan, 28 July - 2 Aug 2019, pp. 7638-7640. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8900567.
- 2 This study was supported by the National Environment Agency (NEA), Singapore. The study does not represent the view of NEA.
- 3 Wong, J., Liew S. C., Wong E.W and Leong S., (2020). “Estimation of colored dissolved organic matter using Sentinel-2 data in the coastal waters of Singapore.” Jour. Of App. Rem. Sens. 14(3), 1-16
- 4 Brockmann C. and R. Doerffer., (2016). “Evolution of the C2RCC neural network for Sentinel 2 and 3 for the retrieval of ocean colour products in normal and extreme optically complex waters.” Living Planet Symposium, ESA, Prague, Czech Republic (2016)