Permanent Gases in the Atmosphere

• Nitrogen (N₂): 78.084% by volume
• Oxygen (O₂): 20.948%
• Argon (Ar): 0.934%
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂): 0.033%
• Other noble gases (Ne, He, Kr, Xe)
• Hydrogen (H₂)
• Methane (CH₄)
• Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
• Carbon monoxide (CO)

Gases with Variable Concentration

• Water vapour (H₂O)
• Ozone (O₃)
• Sulphur dioxide (SO₂)
• Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)
• Ammonia (NH₃)
• Nitric oxide (NO)
• Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S)
• Nitric acid vapour (HNO₃)

The Earth's Atmosphere
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